ALM UNDP

Summary:

Kyrgyzstan - Second National Communication - 4 June 2009

Key Vulnerabilities

• Water Resources
• Disaster Risk
• Agriculture/Food Security
• Health

Potential Adaptation Measures

Agriculture and Food Security

Technological improvement:

• diversification of crop and cattle livestock varieties tolerant to expected climate change;
• alternation of plant cultivation and cattle breeding regional priorities;
• implementation of alternative approach to land cultivation in order to solve the problem of water and mineral substances deficit;
• change of land topography in order to solve the problems of water deficit;
• implementation of efficient irrigation practice;
• change of agriculture works timing due to change of vegetative period duration and heat availability;
• development of new varieties of cultures, including hybrids, for improvement of endurance and suitability to temperature, humidity and other varying agroclimatic conditions;
• innovative studies in the field of irrigation, to solve the problem of moisture deficit and increase of droughty periods frequency.

Economic mechanisms:

• crop insurance in order to reduce a risk of income loss caused by climate change;
• investment into agricultural equities and futures in order to reduce risk of income loss;
• participation in programs on income stabilization in order to reduce risk of income loss;
• diversification of income sources in order to reduce risk of income loss caused by climate change.

State support:

• assistance to development of seed-growing and cattle breeding;
• development and implementation of modern systems of early notification and prevention of natural and temperature anomalies, daily and seasonal weather forecasts;
• change of crop insurance programs in order to influence the strategy of risk management regarding crop losses caused by climate change;
• increase of investments to stabilize a profitable part in order to influence risk management strategy related to crop losses caused by climate change;
• development of incentive programs to support peasants and farmers, implementation of agricultural grants to affect the agricultural production;
• development of special programs to support farmers and compensate losses, as well as dissemination of information about risk of loss due to emergency situations and natural accidents;
• improvement of equipment and fertilizers availability for peasants and farms;
• development and implementation of state policy and programs influencing the mode of water and land use by peasants and farmers in view of varying climate conditions;
• improvement of water resources management at local level.

Disaster Risk Management

• Spatial planning of all emergency situations including identification of danger zones and sequent requirements for use of these zones. In order to identify danger zones it is necessary to take into account the existing data on probability of emergency situations and also predicted one in view of probable climate change and prospective use of danger zones; • Engineering actions aimed at elimination of hazard source and preconditions. It is obvious that after implementation of engineering actions the additional research to redefine danger zones is needed; • The legislative measures prescribing standards and rules to provide basis for carrying out of all spatial planning and engineering actions; • Informing and training in the field of emergency situations prevention to avoid inaccurate decisions. In view of expected climatic change the informing should be directed not only to the existing situation analysis, but also to the probable change in future, as nowadays people in charge of decision making as well as population do not have any experience of adaptation.

Water Resources

• more effective and careful management of irrigational systems in order to preserve and reduce water loss;
• regulation of surface water-flow and creation of water reserves in artificial water reservoirs;
• implementation of modern, more effective systems and modes of water distribution in order to reduce its losses;
• incentives for water-users to urge them to use efficiently the available water resources by implementation of paid water use system.

Health

Kyrgyzstan - Initial National Communication - 31 March 2003

Key Vulnerabilities

• Water Resources
• Public Health
• Terrestrial Ecosystems

Potential Adaptation Measures

Agriculture and Food Security

• Switch to different cultivars
• Improve and conserve soils
• Agricultural research and transfer of technology
• Develop new crops
• Improve pest and disease forecast and control

Water Resources

• Increase water supply, e.g. by using groundwater, building reservoirs, improving or stabilizing watershed management, desalination
• Decrease water demands, e.g. by increasing efficiency, reducing water losses, water recycling, changing irrigation practices
• Improve or develop water management
• Alter system operating rules, e.g. pricing policies, legislation

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