National adaptation programmes of action (NAPAs) provide a process for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to identify priority activities that respond to their urgent and immediate needs to adapt to climate change – those for which further delay would increase vulnerability and/or costs at a later stage. The following summarizes the NAPA for Tanzania.

Climate Related Hazards

* Flooding (flash) * Drought and low flows * Windstorms

Main Human Vulnerabilities and Livelihood Impacts

* Reduced agricultural production * Water shortage and/or groundwater depletion * Increased disease and/or other health problems * Food security * Energy * Loss of biodiversity

Priority Adaptation Projects

1. Water efficiency in crop production irrigation to boost production and conserve water in all areas 2. Alternative farming systems and water harvesting 3. Develop alternative water storage programs and technology for communities 4. Community based catchments conservation and management programs 5. Explore and invest in alternative clean energy sources e.g. Wind, Solar, bio-diesel, etc. to compensate for lost hydro potential 6. Promotion of application of cogeneration in the industry sector for lost hydro potential 7. Afforestation programmes in degraded lands using more adaptive and fast growing tree species 8. Develop community forest fire prevention plans and programmes 9. Establishing and strengthening community awareness programmes on preventable major health hazards 10. Implement sustainable tourism activities in the coastal areas and relocation of vulnerable communities from low-lying areas 11. Enhance wildlife extension services and assistance to rural communities in managing wildlife resources 12. Water harvesting and recycling 13. Construction of artificial structures, e.g., sea walls, artificially placing sand on the beaches and coastal drain beach management system 14. Establish good land tenure system and facilitate sustainable human settlements