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Piloting climate change adaptation to protect human health in Jordan
Summary:
Jordan Project Objective
To increase adaptive capacity to respond to health risks resulting from water scarcity induced by climate change in Jordan.
Key Health Concerns and Vulnerability to Climate Change
Jordan is ranked among the poorest countries in the world in terms of water availability. Resources are already seriously limited and are far below under the water poverty line of (1000) m3 per capita per year. The threat of climate change will increase water scarcity. The lack of water and secondary effects of these changes are considered as the highest priority threat to health in Jordan.
Water scarcity will have a direct impact on the health of Jordanians. In 2005, a WHO/UNEP project determining minimum water requirements for health in Jordan showed a linkage between the per capita water consumption and the incidences of diarrhoea.
Due to the serious vulnerabilities of water scarcity, the national Government has prioritized the use of clean water for domestic supply. This should avoid much of the direct health risks from water scarcity: However, the proposed increase in use of wastewater reuse as an alternative water supply could raise a series of health risks. Unless adequately managed, both untreated and to a lesser extent treated wastewater poses significant risks to health.
Increasing use of wastewater in agriculture, driven by climate change, will therefore increase the potential of intestinal diseases and exposure to toxic chemicals for farmers, consumers, and neighbouring communities.
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Adaptation Experience:
Expected Benefits
The greatest benefit expected from this project is the elevated level of national preparedness and adaptation to protect human health from a key risk associated with climate change and variability. Other expected benefits include:
- Enhanced coordination and cooperation among different governmental and non-governmental organization concerned with climate change adaptation to protect human health.
- Increased awareness and strengthened institutional capacity to address other health risks from climate change within Jordan.
- All areas where wastewater reuse is practiced will have a safer and healthier environment and the health conditions of farmers and farm workers will also be improved.
- Economic benefits will be attained on both national and local levels through fresh water savings and higher value of safer agricultural products.
Results and Learning:
This project will focus on; (i) strengthening monitoring and surveillance capacity, (ii) development of the necessary institutional and regulatory framework for safe use of wastewater; and (iii) increasing the capacity related to health protection measures and pilot testing these in the field. To achieve this goal, several adaptive capacity issues will be addressed:
- Standards and criteria - The use of treated water in agriculture and points of monitoring treated wastewater effluent is currently unregulated there is also no reuse criteria related to hygiene, public health and quality control or irrigation techniques, degree of wastewater treatment, and choice of areas and types of crops to be irrigated.
- Monitoring - The lack of efficient control and monitoring on safe practices of wastewater reuse in agriculture.
- Capacity - The lack of trained personnel both in the competent authorities and the treatment plants.
- Communication - The low level of awareness of the farmers and the public at large and the lack of communication and information dissemination between different parties involved.
| Outcome 1: A comprehensive and integrated monitoring and surveillance systems for wastewater reuse activities is in place. |
Outcome 2: Regulatory and institutional frameworks for management of health risks associated with increased wastewater reuse in unrestricted agriculture are improved and implemented. |
Outcome 3: Health protection measures for safe wastewater reuse are defined and implemented in X pilot sites. |
| 1.1: Coordination and implementation of existing monitoring systems of quality of treated wastewater used in agriculture are improved. | 2.1: National health guidelines or standards for safe wastewater reuse are developed and promoted. | 3.1: A manual and operating procedure on health protection measures for all vulnerable groups (farmers, nearby communities, and consumers) is developed. |
| 1.2: Coordination and implementation of existing monitoring systems for food safety are improved. | 2.2: Institutional responsibilities to operationalize the national health guidelines for safe wastewater re-use are defined. | 3.2: Operational wastewater reuse safety plan, applying the provisions of the national guidelines on safe wastewater reuse, is developed and implemented at 10 selected sites. |
| 1.3: Heath and epidemiological surveillance programs provide reliable data on wastewater-related diseases, linked to water and food quality monitoring. | 2.3: A legislative tool to define institutional responsibilities for different components of the system is issued. | 3.3: The manual and lessons learnt from applying the safety plan at the site are disseminated. |
| 1.4: Social acceptance of agricultural products irrigated by treated wastewater is increased. | 2.4: Institutional capacity needed to execute the system is established. | 3.4: A mechanism for implementation of the needed safety plan at all farms using treated wastewater is established and enforced. |
Sustainability:
Not Yet Applicable
Replication:
Not Yet Applicable
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