ALM UNDP

1. National GHG inventory 2000-2010

• 1.1 The national GHG inventory for the sectors: (i) energy; (ii) industry; (iii) agriculture; (iv) LULUCF; and (v) waste has been produced for the period 2000-2010; and time-series for the period 1990-2000 have been refined.
• 1.2 An analysis of key GHG emission categories has been carried out, an uncertainty analysis has been carried out and a QA/QC plan and a database of emission factors have been established.

2. National circumstances assessment and steps taken or envisaged to implement the UNFCCC in Brazil

• 2.1 National circumstances in Brazil have been assessed, taking into account development priorities, institutional arrangements and concerns that derive from CC effects.
• 2.2 Activities and CC measures to implement the UNFCCC in Brazil have been defined and described, including an assessment of needs and constraints.

3. Climate change and vulnerability assessment

• 3.1 The Brazilian global climate model “Global Model of the Climate System (MBSCG)” has been completed.
• 3.2 The regional climate in Brazil has been modeled using the MBSCG in combination with global climate models from climate centers abroad, including simulation of relevant climate change scenarios.
• 3.3 Studies at a regional level using different climate change scenarios and impact assessments for key sectors have been carried out.
• 3.4 A mapping of regional and sector vulnerabilities to CC effects has been performed.

4. Publication and promotion of national communication

• 4.1 National GHG inventories, publications and documents from the NC have been disseminated to the IPCC, national stakeholders and the general public.
• 4.2 The Third National Communication has been published and presented to the national Government.
• 4.3 A monitoring and evaluation programme has been designed and implemented.

Component 1: Ecosystem-based adaptation approach to enhancing freshwater security in Mahé under conditions of climate change

• An ecosystem-based adaptation approach will be implemented in targeted watersheds on the island of Mahé to increase water security (reducing the climate change induced vulnerability of coastal communities to water scarcity during projected dry spells). The project will finance technology development and application to restore riparian areas, in watersheds in the Western side of the island, which are not currently utilised for the purposes of providing water to the city of Mahé. The project will engineer a paradigm shift from site based protected area management, primarily for biodiversity conservation to a landscape based management system, aimed at restoring ecosystem functionality and resilience with the specific purpose of enhancing water provisioning services during the extended dry season (this will be measured by the low flow measure). This is expected to have the added benefit of reducing flooding risk following climate changed induced intense heavy rainfall events.
• A Strategic Ecosystem Based Water Resource Adaptation Assessment will be carried out. Specific ecosystem-based adaptation measures will include restoring the natural processes of wetlands and assisting the natural rehabilitation of degraded areas. This includes: restoration of forest to enhance water-soil infiltration and water storage capacities in soils and aquifers (2,500 hectares), restoration of wetlands, through the removal of alien species and reduction in abstraction to enhance wetland functionality (550 hectares), integrated management of climate change induced wildfires to reduce the impact of fire disturbances on hydrological functions, small-scale artificial raw water facilities (barrages).

Component 2: Ecosystem-based adaptation approaches along the shorelines of the Granitic Islands reduce the risks of climate change induced coastal floods

• An ecosystem-based adaptation approach will be implemented on the shorelines of the four targeted Granitic islands aiming to reduce flood damage and shoreline avulsion in vulnerable areas arising from a combination of rising sea levels and storm surges, both climate change induced. A vulnerability assessment will be undertaken and maps produced to determine areas where additional protection and restoration activities will be needed, focusing on production lands outside protected areas. At selected sites, critical coastal ecosystems will be restored to reduce the vulnerability of coastal communities to climate changed induced coastal flooding and erosion. Interventions will increase the resilience of coupled social and ecological systems in the face of climatic variability and change.
• Activities will include: (i) mangrove reforestation, restoration and active management to reduce coastal erosion, (ii) rehabilitation of sand dunes to natural state through planting of local species in order to stabilize the dunes, (iii) restoration of wetlands, through the removal of alien species and areas reclaimed by agriculture in the past, (iv) coral reef (fringing) construction, rehabilitation, restoration and protection in order to reduce wave action and reduce coastal erosion.
• Coastal communities will play a critical role in implementing the restoration activities. Local community coordinating bodies will be created for each intervention site and training provided on the specific adaptation measure that will be adopted there.

Component 3: Ecosystem based adaptation mainstreamed into development planning and financing

• This component aims at increasing institutional capacity in Seychelles to adapt to climate change with policy support to plan for and respond/adapt to climate change-related risks and damage. An emphasis will be placed on upscaling the ecosystem based adaptation technology/ management measures applied under components 1 and 2 respectively through targeting the land/water use planning and regulation process, the Environmental Impact Assessment process and creating the legal and economic environment for such processes to be effective.
• This component will also have a strong knowledge management focus. The project will act as the knowledge window for the government and resource users regarding the ecosystem based adaptation approach, bringing in appropriate international experiences to Seychelles. Awareness raising activities targeting the decision makers and coastal communities will be an integral part of knowledge management.

As detailed in the Adaptation Fund Proposal - Seychelles.

• Output 1.1. Risk and vulnerability assessments conducted and updated at national level
• Output 1.2 Targeted population groups covered by adequate risk reduction systems
• Output 1.3 Targeted population groups participating in adaptation and risk reduction awareness activities
• Output 2.2 Vulnerable physical, natural and social assets strengthened in response to climate change impacts, including variability

Component 1: Climate early warning and information systems
The project will support the development of enhanced climate and weather information products and services (monthly outlook, seasonal forecasting, longer term projections), tailored particularly for flood and drought preparedness and agriculture sector users (local government officials, farmers, communities, extension services). To ensure the timely dissemination of climate early warning and information products, effective alert and communication system will be established for communities, village councils and local disaster management committees. Capacity building and training activities will involve technical workshops on the establishment, maintenance and use of climate early warning system, including the interpretation and application of tailored climate information services, targeting meteorologist and climatologist staff at Meteorology Service, community members of the voluntary emergency services, as well as farmers. To facilitate the application of climate information amongst agriculture sector users, the programme will support the development of climate-sensitive crop suitability and cultivation guidelines and manuals, with user-friendly information packages, customized to the climate and landscapes, and different crop varieties and forest types of the Ba watershed area.

Component 2: Community-based adaptation to flood and drought related risks and hazards
Activities under this output will be closely linked to the establishment of a Rural Land Use Policy. The main components of the plan will cover flood plain zoning, land use plan, water use and safety plan (pollution control, water distribution and rationing), preparedness and post flood and drought recovery processes, supported with adjusted regulations that recognize emerging climate change risks. Importantly, the plan will include a community-based monitoring system on land-use, water use, flood control measures, and conservation of related ecosystems (e.g. mangroves, forests), coupled with review and feedback mechanism to integrate experiences on an ongoing/periodic basis.

Resilience of crop production will be pursued through identifying and introducing climate change resilient crop varieties and suitable crop cultivation techniques. To ensure the continuous supply of climate-resilient plant species to farmers, a research station and associated community nurseries will be established in the Ba area, with appropriate distribution systems. The introduction of post-harvest processing and food storage techniques will be based on a review and enhancement of traditional practices.

Component 3: Institutional strengthening to support climate- and disaster-resilient policy frameworks
Activities under this output will serve to review and adjust relevant sectoral policies, legal and planning frameworks, corporate and management plans at the different levels, through analysis of existing frameworks and related institutional capacities, consultative processes and systematic training of policy makers and planners. The proposed project will promote the application of modified or newly created policy frameworks and instruments in target provinces and districts, while integrating on-the-ground experience to inform the higher level policy processes.

Component 4: Awareness raising and knowledge management
Outputs and proposed activities under this outcome aim at capturing, analyzing and disseminating programme experience at the national and regional levels in a systematic way, from early stages of the programme from the assessment, adaptation planning, implementation, monitoring phases, as well the throughout the policy mainstreaming processes. A range of knowledge products will be developed, tailored to different user groups and disseminated through specific channels and means, including education institutions, and supported by a project communication action plan for broader awareness raising purposes. It is expected that integrated knowledge management activities will significantly contribute to the replicability and sustainability of the project results, reaching out to broad layers of society and different generations.

1. Innovative copying mechanisms and practices (rain water harvesting, improved irrigation techniques, climate-resilient cropping and grazing systems, livelihood diversification…) field- tested in 5 high-risks areas;

2. Early warning and climate risk management systems designed and set up at central and local levels; Agriculture-related policies and practices revised and informed by EWS and climate information; Farmers, pastoralists and technical staff fully trained and equipped on CRM tools, strategies and practices;

3. National menu of best practices available; Successful pilot mechanisms and measures institutionalized; and National budget allocated to support country-wide upscaling efforts.

1. Enhanced early warning system which allows for climate change predictions. System in place to integrate climate change risk assessment and socio-economic parameters such as impacts on livelihoods and economic activities. Data coordination network is established through inter-agency coordination mechanism for hydro-meteorological information. Data is currently managed across departments without a central coordination mechanism. Disaster response plans are prepared and capacity to implement them is developed.
2. Science/Policy exchange forum is established through interchange platform between hydro-climatic network and policy makers Policy briefs and analysis for planners, policy makers and field actors to guide them in making decisions on adaptation strategies. Particularly related to water management and agricultural practices.
3. Land use management practices adjusted for anticipated climate change risks Capacity development program for communities formulated based a CC adaptation capacity needs assessment conducted during the PPG. Communities trained according to the capacity development program. Communities and policy makers sensitized with CC adaptation benefits to be attained through enhanced catchment management practices. Results of demonstrations distilled as experience notes for dissemination to policy makers. Adaptation policy adopted for the land use planning at the targeted area.
4. Development and dissemination of lessons learned for policy makers and for communities through out the project. Training plan developed and implemented for relevant stakeholders for uptake of lessons learned and engagement in the various project components. Platform for national learning and sustainability established.