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pastoralists
The rain doesn’t come on time anymore poverty, vulnerability, and climate variability in Ethiopia
Submitted by andrea on Mon, 2010-06-21 21:07
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Summary:
This paper is part of a series of research reports written to inform the public debate on development and humanitarian policy issues.
In 2009, Oxfam commissioned research on climate variability in four woredas, or administrative areas, in Ethiopia.
Adapting pastoral and agricultural practices to the realities of climate change
Submitted by andrea on Fri, 2009-12-11 03:03
Summary:
The CBA project, “Adapting pastoral and agricultural practices to the realities of climate change”, focuses on the village of Rombou in the Maradi region of Niger.
Adaptation Experience:
As a result of changes in the local climate, communities report a marked decrease in the presence of “Doum,” a type of palm tree once common in the region. Increasingly frequent droughts have lowered the water tables upon which this native species depends. Lower water tables have also negatively impacted farmers and pastoralists who depend on wells fed by ground water to water their livestock and crops.
Results and Learning:
Degraded soils can be regenerated though natural fertilization techniques, including planting resilient trees, such as native acacias. The acacia is a type of hardy tree that survives in very arid environments, such as the Sahel, and helps protect against soil erosion.
Sustainability:
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People-Centred Resilience: Working with vulnerable farmers towards climate change adaptation and food security
Submitted by andrea on Fri, 2009-11-27 00:14Summary:
Summary
This Oxfam report outlines why donors and national governments must take immediate action to help vulnerable farmers build their resilience in order to improve their food security despite climate shocks (Oxfam, 2009).
“Globally, 1.7 billion farmers are highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The many who are already hungry are particularly vulnerable. Yet scaling up localised ‘resilience’ successes offers hope for these farmers, while helping to address the climate problem.
Integrating Climate Change Risk into Community-Level Livestock and Water Management in the Northwestern Lowlands
Submitted by andrea on Wed, 2009-11-18 02:10
Summary:
Evidence of climate change, including drought variability is well documented in the country’s National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA, 2007) and Initial National Communication (INC, 2001). Occurrence of dry spells and seasonal and multi-year droughts are more frequent, and increasingly severe. Eritrea’s INC highlights projections of up to a 4.1 o C temperature rise by approximately 2050. Rainfall projections indicate reductions in lowland regions and a decrease in basin runoff by, on average, 29.5% in an adjacent basin area. Resultant impacts on water resources and agriculture will adversely affect food security.
Eritrea’s NAPA identified that the livestock production system and related livelihood opportunities of pastoralists are highly vulnerable to long-term climate change, including variability, especially in north-western Eritrea. Recent records showed that frequent droughts and strong inter-annual precipitation variability between 1992 and 2004 have contributed towards the annual deaths of thousands of livestock, especially cattle and camels in Kerkebet. Aside from overall grazing shortages during such droughts, thermal stress through higher temperatures has been observed in livestock, increasingly exceeding thresholds that animals can tolerate. This has led to a change of grazing patterns, including the shortening of grazing hours, resulting in decreased feed intake. This interferes with animal productive and reproductive functions, and will be worsened under anticipated climate change scenarios for the region. With crop cultivation and animal husbandry accounting for 60 percent of rural incomes, and people in Eritrea’s north-western lowland areas depending almost exclusively on livestock production, the expected climatic changes will have serious repercussions on rural poverty and well-being.
Adaptation Experience:
The adaptive capacity of local pastoralists and community members will be enhanced by piloting irrigation technologies and management practices that support climate change resilient dry-season crop production, and integrating climate risks into rangeland management systems in Kerkebet. Further an overall enabling policy and planning framework for up-scaling of CCA will be set at the Anseba Zoba-level, and effective CCA-related knowledge management to support and inform policy and rangeland related decision-making processes will be set up.
Results and Learning:
The project will also be useful in contribution to adaptation learning and potentially promoting replicability not only in Eritrea (e.g. an additional 50,000 people live in the eastern lowlands), but the entire dry land of East Africa where extensive pastoralist livestock production is practiced. The project will contribute to the GEF portfolio on adaptation through UNDP-GEF’s Adaptation Learning Mechanism (ALM).
Sustainability:
The expected local adaptation benefits include that the population of eight villages representing more than 1,800 households living in the arid western lowlands of Eritrea will have secure livelihoods to resist the impacts of climate change, whilst also expanding their livelihood options and skills into less climate sensitive sectors.
Replication:
Great attention has been paid in the project design to ensure that the intervention generates experiential learning to contribute to national dialogue on the replicability of this intervention as an adaptation measure. Information on the cost-effectiveness of the intervention over time will be generated, together with an analysis of supporting government policy needed.
AGIR Project: Supporting Adaptation of Productive Practices among Pastoral and Agropastoral Communities in the Rombou Rural Commune (Dakoro Department)
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Implementing Agency and Partnering Organizations:
CBOs, Roumbou Municipality, Association Nigérienne pour la Modernisation de l’Elevage (ANPME), Equiterre (Swiss NGO)Summary:
The project aims to work with a community of sedentary agropastoralists, comprising plateau and valley ecosystems in Niger’s Sahel zone. The community numbers about 6,000 people, of whom 2,000 would be directly affected by the project. Baseline ecosystem pressures include declining availability of fuelwood, siltation of farmland and water points, and disappearance and degradation of traditional wells. Ongoing climate change impacts will add to these pressures, increasing annual average aridity through increases in average temperature and evapotranspiration.
Project Components:
The UNDP CBA project will build the capacity of the community to engage in livelihood practices that will maintain and strengthen ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change including variability.
Expected Outputs:
Along with co-financing, traditional wells will be rehabilitated and the creation of grain and seed banks to promote better-adapted and climate-resilient seeds and to provide a buffer against food insecurity stemming from increasing climate variability will occur. Solely, the UNDP CBA project will protect water points climate-driven siltation, erosion and desertification by planting trees around water points. In addition, alternative NRM practices piloted in the Tarka valley to promote ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change through the piloting of cultivated forage, of dune fixation measures using hedgerows, and of degraded land restoration measures. The CBA project will also train the community members in the implementation and monitoring of climate-resilient natural resource management practices. Lastly, lessons learned from project implementation will be integrated into local-level planning.
Contacts:
- Mr. Pradeep Kurukulasuriya,
- Technical Advisor
- BDP/EEG
- Email:pradeep.kurukulasuriya@undp.org
- Tel: +1 (212) 906 6843
- Mr. Katiella Mai Moussa
- National Coordinator
- UNDP-GEF Small Grants Programme - Niger
- Tel:(227) 96963311
- Email:katiella.mai.moussa@undp.org
Project Status:
Under ImplementationPrimary Beneficiaries:
Local residents in the Tarka Valley ecosystem
