ALM Case Study 2010 - Lake Balaton Integrated Vulnerability Assessment, Early Warning and Adaptation Strategies

Summary:

In January 2006, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF) –Strategic Priority on Adaptation (SPA) partnered with key actors in Hungary to address growing concerns about the ecological condition of Lake Balaton. Using a GEF grant and substantial national co-financing through the Lake Balaton Development Coordination Agency (LBDCA), the overall purpose of the project was to gain a better understanding of Lake Balaton’s ecological and socio-economic vulnerability in order to build resilience to the multiple forces of global and local change. Lake Balaton, a fragile area with high human interaction, is sensitive to both natural and man-made influences. Challenges brought about by climate change include frequent and severe water balance problems, lower levels of annual precipitation and problems concerning the biodiversity of the lake. From an ecological and economical perspective, recent changes in water levels have alarmed both regional authorities and local stakeholders. To appropriately address these challenges, and in order to effectively adapt to the effects of climate change, a need to strengthen research on Lake Balaton’s vulnerability was identified. For the project, integration of ecological and engineering knowledge with social and policy sciences was deemed equally essential. Key lessons learned from the project implementation indicate that while it is important to establish partnerships with international networks, it is also imperative to target local stakeholders and rely more on local capacities.

Adaptation Experience:

The project’s specific objectives were to contribute to a better understanding of the Lake Balaton ecological and socioeconomic system’s vulnerability and resilience arising from multiple forces of global and local change, including climate change, and build capacity for more effective policy-making and adaptation measures in response. The project complemented ongoing policy initiatives and scientific research and had a clear niche by focusing on better understanding of the vulnerability of the Lake and its watershed from an integrated perspective.

Results and Learning:

Key lessons learned:

  1. Establish partnership agreements among international networks with similar interests and problems: In the framework of the project a list of key audiences was developed involving stakeholders and organizations that are interested in the project and could ensure long term sustainability of project results. Partnership agreements among international networks (e.g. Living Lakes Network) with similar interests and problems can be mutually beneficial.
  2. Limit international partnerships to deliver know-how and methodology; rely more on local capacities for actual implementation: Relying on and utilizing the existing local capacities in implementation creates sustainability and replicability of project outcomes.
  3. Target local stakeholders, facilitate dialogue, and help cooperation between local governments and NGOs: The project contributed to the development of some of the key regional and national development frameworks. In particular, at the regional level it provided inputs to the Long-term Regional Development Plan (RDP). Cooperation provided the basis for the integration of adaptation recommendations to the River Basin Management Plan of the Lake Balaton catchment area. For implementing adaptation measures, it is imperative to facilitate dialogue and establish cooperation between key stakeholders, including local governments and NGOs.
  4. Offer direct grants and funding to local stakeholders for the direct implementation of adaptation measures: Under the, pilot project, initiatives were implemented to facilitate adaptation to the impacts of climate change through direct action. As part of the evaluation of project results, the final beneficiaries were encouraged to periodically (on a quarterly basis) submit technical and financial reports, as well as submit a final report to the LBDCA. To ensure sustainability, it was proposed to sign cooperation agreements between local partners, such as the NGO and local governments. Altogether, 39 such agreements were signed.
Sustainability:

Project sustainability has been established by improved awareness and increased ability of individuals to take action. The project developed several advanced modelling tools and instruments to assess the vulnerability of Lake Balaton to climate change and the impact of future adaptation scenarios. In the last year of project implementation, the National Water Management Directorate took over the developed tools and plans to apply it for integrated water management planning.

Replication:

Project outcomes have been incorporated into other programmes and projects. For example, at the municipal and micro-regional level, there are environmental management programmes and waste management plans that have incorporated elements of the Lake Balaton project’s outcomes.

Image(s):
Funding Source:
GEF-SPA

ALM Project Profile 2008 - Lake Balaton Integrated Vulnerability Assessment, Early Warning and Adaptation Strategies

Summary:

Located in western Hungary, Lake Balaton is the largest freshwater lake in Europe and one of the shallowest
large lakes in the world. The flora and fauna of the surrounding landscape are particularly diverse due to the
mild climate and a large number of rare and protected plant species can be found in the area.

The Lake Balaton Resort Area (LBRA) has significant agricultural and recreational value. Arable land, vineyards and orchards take up some 80% of agricultural land (49.1 % of LBRA’s land is agricultural), but the economy of LBRA is driven predominantly by highly seasonal tourism. Summer tourists, concentrated in lakeside
communities, can temporarily triple the area’s population, exerting substantial stress on the environment and
infrastructure. According to official statistics, tourism related income in the region is about US$1.5 billion/year, but the actual figure may be up to two to three times higher.

Adaptation Experience:

The project complemented ongoing policy initiatives and scientific research, and had a clear niche by focusing on better understanding the vulnerability of the Lake and its watershed from an integrated perspective. Climate change is seen as one of the emerging important determinants of vulnerability, but its impacts are considered in the broader context of sustainable development.

Results and Learning:

Key lessons learned: 1. Target local stakeholders for implementing adaptation measures, facilitate dialogues and help cooperation between local governments and NGOs: The project contributed to the development of some of the key regional and national development frameworks. In particular, at the regional level it provided inputs to the Long-term Regional Development Plan (RDP). As a direct result the RDP includes climate adaptation as one of the horizontal issue. Cooperation provided the basis for the integration of adaptation recommendations to the River Basin Management Plan of the Lake Balaton catchment area (which is currently being finalized). The plan has been prepared in correspondence with the EU Water Framework Directive. Through this process it has been found that both local governments and NGOs have been our vital allies. For implementing adaptation measures, it is imperative to facilitate dialogue and establish cooperation between these vital stakeholders. 2. Limit international partnerships to deliver know-how and methodology, rely more on local capacities for actual implementation: While cognizant of the value that international partnerships, with the Lake Balaton project a more effective strategy with international partners for institutionalizing project results could have been applied. Instead of a partnership agreement, a subcontract- based relation could have served this purpose more efficiently. Relying and utilizing the existing local capacities in implementation also serves to create sustainability and replicability of project outcomes. 3. Establish partnership agreements with international networks with similar interests and problems: For the facilitation and replication it is advised to have partnership agreements with international networks with similar interests and problems (e.g. Living Lakes Network). In the framework of the project a list of key audiences was developed involving stakeholders and organizations that are interested in the project and could ensure long term sustainability of project results. The objective of Outcome 5 was to generate knowledge generate and raise awareness of integrated vulnerability and adaptation approaches locally, nationally and internationally. This objective also encompassed enhanced knowledge management, dissemination and replication strategies and recognized that partnership agreements with international networks with similar interests and problems can be mutually beneficial. 4. Offer direct grants and funding opportunities to local stakeholders, such as local governments, NGOs, etc. for the implementation of adaptation measures: Under Outcome 4 pilot initiatives were implemented to facilitate adaptation to the impacts of climate change through direct action. As part of the evaluation of project results, the final beneficiaries were obliged to periodically (on a quarterly basis) submit technical and financial reports, as well as submit a final report to the LBDCA. In addition, all projects have been monitored on-site by LBDCA at least once during the project implementation. Based on the final reports submitted so far, it can be concluded, that the final beneficiaries have taken into account the horizontal objectives during the implementation of sub-projects, in particular the principle of sustainable development. To ensure sustainability, it was proposed to sign cooperation agreement between local partners, such as the NGO and local governments. Seven such agreements have already signed and other 8 are under preparation.

Sustainability:

Project sustainability has been established by improved awareness and increased ability of individuals to take action. A database of useful information and modelling tools has been established and there is higher activity of NGOs.

Replication:

Project outcomes have been incorporated into other programmes and projects. For example, at the municipal and micro-regional level, there are environmental management programmes and waste management plans that have incorporated elements of the Lake Balaton project’s outcomes. At the Regional level a Long-term Regional Development Plan for the Lake Balaton region has been established and River Basin Management Plan for Lake Balaton catchment is in progress. Finally, at the national level a Climate Change Strategy and its 2-year action plan has been created as well as the 3rd national Environmental Protection Plan of Hungary.

Funding Source:
SDC

Local Government Climate Change Adaptation Toolkit - ICLEI Oceania

Summary:

ICLEI Oceania has been working with councils across Australia to build capacity in climate change adaptation through the delivery of its Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) Adaptation Initiative. The result of the first year's work on adaptation planning and resilience building is the Local Government Climate Change Adaptation Toolkit.

Lake Balaton Integrated Vulnerability Assessment, Early Warning, and Adaptation Strategies

  • Project details

  • Implementing Agency:
    United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
    Implementing Agency and Partnering Organizations:
    Lake Balaton Development Council (LBDC)Lake Balaton Regional Tourism Board, county-level Chambers of Commerce Industry, and Agriculture, Lake Balaton Chief Architect Office, Public Administration Office of Somogy County, The Lake Balaton Development Coordination Agency (LBDCA), Lake Balaton Alliance, International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), LEAD International, and UNDP RBEC Regional Support Centre, Bratislava, Slovakia
    Summary:

    Background

    Located in western Hungary, Lake Balaton is the largest freshwater lake in Europe and one of the shallowest
    large lakes in the world. The flora and fauna of the surrounding landscape are particularly diverse due to the
    mild climate and a large number of rare and protected plant species can be found in the area. The Lake
    Balaton Resort Area (LBRA) has significant agricultural and recreational value.

    Project Components:

    The project aims to build on the results and significant tradition of scientific work in the Lake Balaton region, recently initiated research in Hungary focused on adaptation to climate change, as well as innovative approaches to integrated assessment of vulnerability to global change and the formulation of adaptive measures. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the development and implementation of effective adaptive strategies.

    Expected Outputs:

    The project specific objective is to contribute to a better understanding of the Lake Balaton ecological and
    socioeconomic system’s vulnerability and resilience arising from multiple forces of global and local change,
    including climate change, and build capacity for more effective policy-making and adaptation measures in
    response.

    Outcome 1:

    * Information system for systematic vulnerability assessment introduced and institutionalized
    * Changes and response model developed for better understanding of vulnerability and best option
    scenarios for adaptation

    Outcome 2

    * Regional Development Council and other relevant institutions adopt and employ adaptation and
    vulnerability indicator framework for socio-economic development planning
    * LBDCA integrates adaptation in its organisational structure and mandate
    Outcome 3
    * Regional, national, and sectoral development frameworks integrate adaptation approaches
    Outcome 4
    * Observable trends of improved adaptive management and risk reduction framework
    * LBDC grant facility integrates adaptation into the funding eligibility criteria
    * LBDC fund allocation schemes increase funding for adaptation by 30%

    Outcome 5

    * “Influencing strategy” and knowledge products developed and employed per replication plan
    * Number of local initiatives introducing adaptation approach
    * Good practices disseminated through GEF Adaptation Learning Mechanism

    Contacts:

    National Project Manager/Coordinator
    Dr. Gábor Molnár
    Email: molnarg@balatonregion.hu

    Main project internet sites:
    Homepage: http://www.balatonregion.hu/adaptation/
    Balatontrend: http://test.balatontrend.org/
    Internet Map Server: http://balaton.grid.unep.ch/ims

    Project Status:
    Completed Actual Date of Operational Closure: December 31, 2008
    Primary Beneficiaries:
    Business community (tourism, fishing, transportation, industry, consulting, agriculture, media) • Individuals (emphasis on high profile opinion leaders in local communities)
    Project Details
    Funding Source:
    GEF-SPA
    Cofinancing Total:
    $3,090,000
    Total Amounts:
    $4,075,000