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South-Eastern Asia
Malaysia
Summary:
Malaysia is a country encompassing two main territories within Southeast Asia; peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia, located on the island of Borneo (USDS, 2010). The country spans a total area of 329,847 square kilometers, with a relatively mid-range population for the region of over 28.7 million (CIA, 2011). The country’s terrain is characterized by coastal plains and jungle-covered mountains in the interior, and its climate is tropical.
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Myanmar
Summary:
Myanmar covers an area of 676,578 square kilometers and has a population of nearly 54 million people (CIA, 2011). Ranked 135 of 169 on the Human Development Index (UNDP, 2010), Myanmar is the lowest ranked country in East and Southeast Asia and the only one classified as having a “low” level of human development. Much of its struggling economy is based on fossil fuel industries (CIA, 2011) that contribute to environmental degradation. The climate of Myanmar is roughly divided into three seasons: summer, rainy season and cold season. Summer is from March to mid-May; the rain falls from mid-May to the end of October; and the cold season starts in November and ends at the end of February. Generally, Myanmar enjoys a tropical monsoon climate. However, climatic conditions differ widely from place to place due to widely differing topographical situations. For instance, Central Myanmar has an annual rainfall of less than 1016 mm while the Rakhine coast gets about 5080 mm.
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Philippines
Summary:
The Philippines is an archipelagic country comprised of more than 7,100 islands that spans an area of roughly 300,000 square kilometers (CIA, 2011). The country lies between 5o to 20o north of the equator. With a population of over 101 million people (CIA, 2011), the Philippines ranks 97 of 169 in the 2010 Human Development Index (UNDP, 2010), placing it in the top half of countries that have achieve a medium level of human development. The country’s economy is dominated by the services sector, which contributes over half of economic output, followed by industry (30 per cent) and agriculture (less than 20 per cent) (USDS, 2010). The country’s topography is characterized by large mountainous terrain with narrow coastal plains and interior valleys and plains.
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Singapore
Summary:
Singapore is a small island city-state located near the equator, consisting of one main island and 60 smaller islands. Reaching only 163 meters at its highest point, much of Singapore is less than 15 meters above sea level. As a low-lying island state, Singapore is vulnerable to sea level rise. Some of the proposed adaptation measures include: coastline maintenance, desalination, water conservation, and flood prevention and protection programs such as stormwater management systems (currently operating).
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Lao People's Democratic Republic - National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA)
Submitted by andrea on Mon, 2009-06-22 23:52
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Summary:
National adaptation programmes of action (NAPAs) provide a process for Least Developed Countries (LDCs) to identify priority activities that respond to their urgent and immediate needs to adapt to climate change – those for which further delay would increase vulnerability and/or costs at a later stage. The following summarizes the NAPA for Laos.
Climate Related Hazards * Flooding (flash) * Changes in river morphology/loss of water bodies * Drought and low flows * Landslides
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Viet Nam - National Communication
Submitted by andrea on Sat, 2009-06-20 03:02
Summary:
Key Vulnerabilities
- Agriculture/Food Security
- Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems
- Water Resources
- Terrestrial Ecosystems
Potential Adaptation Measures
Thailand - National Communication
Submitted by andrea on Sat, 2009-06-20 02:26
Summary:
Key Vulnerabilities
- Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems
- Water Resources
- Public Health
Potential Adaptation Measures
Agriculture and Food Security * Educational & outreach activities to change management practices to those suited to climate change * Switch to different cultivars * Develop new crops
Water Resources * Improve or develop water management * Alter system operating rules, e.g. pricing policies, legislation
Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems * Develop Integrated Coastal Zone Management * Develop planning/new investment requirements
Singapore - National Communication
Submitted by andrea on Sat, 2009-06-20 02:08Summary:
Key Vulnerabilities
- Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems
- Water Resources
- Public Health
Potential Adaptation Measures
Water Resources
- Increase water supply, e.g. by using groundwater, building reservoirs, improving or stabilizing watershed management, desalination
- Decrease water demands, e.g.
Philippines - National Communication
Submitted by andrea on Sat, 2009-06-20 01:43Summary:
Key Vulnerabilities
- Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems
- Public Health
- Terrestrial Ecosystems
Potential Adaptation Measures
Agriculture and Food Security
- Educational & outreach activities to change management practices to those suited to climate change
- Switch to different cultivars
- Improve and conserve soils
- Enhance irrigation efficiency and/or expand irrigation
- Develop new crops
- Develop and introduce policy measures, including taxes, subsidies, facilitation of free market
- Develop early warning systems and disaster preparedness
Water Res
Malaysia - National Communication
Submitted by andrea on Fri, 2009-06-19 21:28Summary:
Key Vulnerabilities
- Agriculture/Food Security
- Coastal Zones and Marine Ecosystems
- Water Resources
- Public Health
- Land Resources
- Disasters
- Energy
Potential Adaptation Measures
Agriculture and Food Security
- Enhance irrigation efficiency and/or expand irrigation
- Agricultural research and transfer of technology
- Establish seed banks
- Develop new crops
- Improve pest and disease forecast and control
Water Resources
- Decrease water demands, e.g.
